Tajweed Rules

غنّة

A nasal sound held for 2 counts when noon (ن) or meem (م) carry a shaddah. The sound resonates from the nasal passage.

إخفاء

Hiding the noon sakinah or tanween before 15 specific letters. The noon is pronounced between izhar and idgham with a nasal sound for 2 counts.

إخفاء شفوي

Hiding the meem sakinah when followed by the letter baa (ب). The meem is concealed with a light nasal sound.

إدغام بغنّة

Merging the noon sakinah or tanween into the following letter (ي، ن، م، و) with a nasal sound held for 2 counts.

إدغام بلا غنّة

Merging the noon sakinah or tanween into laam (ل) or raa (ر) without any nasal sound. Complete assimilation.

إدغام شفوي

Merging meem sakinah into a following meem. The two meems become one meem with shaddah and ghunnah.

إدغام متجانسين

Merging two letters that share the same articulation point but differ in characteristics, such as taa into daal or taa into taa.

إدغام متقاربين

Merging two letters whose articulation points are close to each other, such as laam into raa.

قلقلة

An echoing bounce produced on five letters (ق ط ب ج د) when they are sakin (have a sukun). The sound bounces from its articulation point.

مدّ طبيعي

Natural elongation of 2 counts on alif, waw, or yaa when they are madd letters. This is the basic madd that every reciter must observe.

مدّ منفصل

Elongation of 4-5 counts when a madd letter is at the end of one word and the next word starts with hamza.

مدّ متصل

Obligatory elongation of 4-5 counts when a madd letter is followed by hamza in the same word.

مدّ لازم

Mandatory elongation of 6 counts when a madd letter is followed by a letter with shaddah or sukun in the same word.

إقلاب

Converting the noon sakinah or tanween to a meem sound when followed by the letter baa (ب), with a nasal sound for 2 counts.

لام شمسية

The laam of the definite article (ال) is assimilated into the following sun letter and not pronounced. There are 14 sun letters.

همزة وصل

A connecting hamza (ٱ) that is pronounced at the beginning of speech but dropped when connected to the previous word in continuous recitation.